The key to understanding war of any kind is to recognize that no action in war is isolated from another. For example, success in Normandy (D-Day) was not an isolated event, purely the result of planning an executing the attack. It was, in addition, due to a number of events and actions that distracted the German army and diluted their forces, including the Italian campaign and the Russian Front. So it was with the War of 1812, political events and the war in Europe had an effect in the happening in North America. This chart, from
http://www.warof1812.ca, tells the story pretty well.
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| 1807 | |||
| December 22: Embargo Act passed by US Congress halting trade with Foreign Nations (repealed in 1808) | June 22: The Chesapeake Affair: USS Chesapeake fired on and boarded by the HMS Leopard off Norfolk, Virginia |
June 13-14: Battle of Friedland between French and RussiansJuly 9 After making peace with Russia, Napoleon bans trade with Great Britain. | |
1809 |
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March 4: James Madison is
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| 1811 | |||
| September 30: Brock becomes Lieut.Governor of Upper Canada
October 12: Prevost becomes Governor- in-Chief and Commander of all forces in British November 4: US War |
November 7: Battle of Tippecanoe were US defeats Indians |
March 5: French pull out of Portugal and consolidate around Salamanca, Spain |
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| 1812 | |||
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June: Baltimore Riots start against anti-war Federalists June 1: Madison’s recommendation to Congress to declare war over sailor’s rights and British support of western frontier tribes. June 4: House of Representatives passes war bill June 18: Senate passes June 19: U.S. President July 1: US doubles Customs Duties October 20: Sheaffe becomes Lieut. Governor of Upper Canada
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June 23: USS President vs. HM Frigate Belvidera July 12: U.S. General Hull invades Upper Canada at Sandwich across from Detroit July 17: British forces from Fort St. Joseph capture Fort Michilimackinac August 5: Battle of Brownstown August 8: Battle of Maguaga August 15: Fort Dearborn massacre August 16: British forces under Brock capture Fort Detroit. August 19: September: Baltimore Riots finish September 3 : Indian September 4: Indians September 5: Indians September 6: Indians September 16: Americans fail in capturing batteaux convey at Toussiant Island of the St. Lawrence River September 21: American attack and capture village of Gananoque in the Thousand Islands area October 9: Two British schooners captured off Fort Erie; small skirmish near Fort Erie October 13: Battle of Queenston Heights and death of Brock and Macdonnell November: Royal Navy blockades South Carolina November 27: US attacks the outlying fortifications of Fort Erie November 28: U.S. invasion December 18: December 26: Royal Navy
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January 19: British storm Ciudad Rodrigo, PortugalApril 6: British repulsed at Badajoz, Spain June 24: Napoleon invades Russia July 22: Wellington’s famous victory at SalamancaAugust 13: British Army enter Madrid September 7: Battle of BorodinoSeptember 14: Napoleon enters MoscowSeptember 19: Napoleon begins retreat from Moscow October 21: British give up siege of Burgos, Spain. November 29: Napoleon’s shattered army exits Russia .
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| 1813 | |||
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June 19: de Rottenburg becomes Lt.
December 13: Drummond becomes Lt. Governor of Upper Canada
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January 19: Skirmish at the River Raisin. January 22: British victory at Frenchtown. January 23: Massacre of US wounded at River Raisin February 6: U.S. raid on Brockville on the St. Lawrence River. February 22: British capture Ogdensburg, NY as retaliation for Brockville attack. March 30: British naval blockade extended from Long Island to the Mississippi April 15: US army occupies West Florida April 27: U.S. troops attack and burn York (Capital of Upper Canada). May 26: Britain’s Royal Navy extends blockade to cover additional states May 25: U S. bombards and destroys Fort George. May 27: U.S. troops capture Fort George; British troops retreat toward Burlington. May 29: British fail to capture Sacket’s Harbor. June 1: H.M.S. Shannon defeats U.S.S. Chesapeake tows her captive into Halifax, Nova Scotia. June 6: British victory at Stoney Creek. June 7: British victory at 40 Mile Creek; U.S. retire to Fort George. June 22nd Skirmish at Norfolk June 24: Capture of US forces at Beaver Dams. July 8: Battle of Ball’s Farm. July 11: British raid on Blackrock. July 20: U.S. victory at Goose Creek. July 27: Engagement at Burnt Corn July 31: British victory at Burlington Heights. August 2: British attack Fort Stephenson. August 8: U.S.S. Hamilton & Scourge sunk. August 24: Prevost leads attack on U.S. piquets ou George; U.S.decline large scale engagement August 30: Attack at Fort Mims September 9: British Fleet on Lake Erie defeated and capture by US under Perry. October 1: US army under Hampton cross frontier south of Montreal and skirmish with Canadian piquets October 5: British defeated at Moraviantown; (Battle of the Thames) Tecumseh killed October 25: American invasion attempt at Chateauguay repulsed November 3: Battle of Tallushatchee November 9: Battle of Talladega November 11: American defeat at Chrysler ‘s Farm. December 10: U.S. army abandons Fort George and burns town of Newark (Niagara-on-the-Lake). December 18-19: December 20: British begin to lay waste to the East Niagara River area in retaliation for the December 31: British capture Blackrock
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June 4: armistice between France and
June 21: Wellington’s decisive victory
July 21 to August 1: Battles of the Pyrenees Mountains
August 10: armistice ends between August 12: Austria declares war on
August 31: British storm San Sebastien, Spain
October 16-18: Napoleon defeated at
November 10: Battle of the Nivelle with the British |
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| 1814 | |||
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April 14:US repeals embargo and non-importation laws
August:US public credit August 8: Peace August 9: US and Creek
October 21:British offer November 27: Britain drops December 15:Hartford December 24: Treaty of |
January 22: Battle of January 24: Battle of March 27: Battle of
April 25: Royal Navy May 6: British capture May 30: British blockade extended to include New England. May 31: U.S. victory at Sacket’s Harbor. July 13: U.S. capture Fort Erie. July 5: U.S. defeat British at Chippewa. July 18: U.S. troops burn July 19: British capture July 25: Battle of Lundy’s Lane – both sides claim victory
August 13-14: British August 24: British burn Washington. September 11: US repulse British at Battle of Plattsburg and defeat Sept. 13-14: Siege of Fort September 17: British
December 23: Initial |
March 31: Allies enter ParisApril 6: Napoleon abdicatesApril 10 to 12: British take Toulouse
May 30: British Infantry march to
October 3: Congress of Vienna opens unofficially |
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| 1815 | |||
February 8, 1815: News of Peace first arrives in North America.March 1, 1815: General Prevost is officially notified of Peace at Quebec. |
January 8, 1815: Battle of New Orleans. |
March 1: Napoleon lands in France from Elba |
See Part 6: How politics sunk the Americans
23/10/2014
